Urban economics is a subfield of economics that focuses on studying the economic factors and dynamics within urban areas. It examines the unique economic problems and opportunities that arise in cities, such as housing markets, transportation systems, land use, infrastructure development, and local government policies. Urban economists often analyze how cities attract and retain businesses, how urban populations impact the demand for goods and services, and how public services and amenities are provided and financed in urban areas. They also explore the relationship between urbanization and economic growth, the impact of urban sprawl on environmental sustainability, and the role of agglomeration economies in driving innovation and productivity. Overall, urban economics seeks to understand the economic forces that shape cities, and to provide insights and policy recommendations for promoting sustainable and prosperous urban development.